Optimizing Water Use in Gardening Through an IoT-Based Autonomous Irrigation System

Authors

  • M. H. H. Muhammad Zaidi Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
  • K. L. Chua Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
  • X. Y. Yap MERRY Electronics (S) Pte. Ltd.
  • K. S. Chia Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54554/ijeeas.2025.8.02.011

Abstract

This study focuses on improving water conservation in plant maintenance by creating an intelligent, automated irrigation system powered by Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Its key goals include designing an IoT-based watering system, developing a mobile application for realtime monitoring and control, and evaluating the system's performance in practical use. The system integrates ESP32 microcontrollers, soil moisture sensors, a line-following robot, and a Kondularbased mobile app. Each plant is monitored by a dedicated sensor that continuously measures soil moisture levels. When a sensor detects that moisture has fallen below a user-defined threshold, configured through the app, the ESP32 triggers the robot to travel along a black line to the target plant, dispense water through a servo-controlled mechanism, and return to its base. The developed mobile app provides live monitoring, customizable thresholds for each plant, and realtime data exchange through Firebase. Sensor readings are also logged in Google Sheets for analysis and performance tracking. The system is designed for autonomous operation, independent of minimal user intervention. This system offers a smart and scalable solution for efficient home gardening and small-scale agriculture.

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Published

2025-10-30

How to Cite

Muhammad Zaidi, M. H. H., Chua, K. L. ., Yap, X. Y. ., & Chia, K. S. (2025). Optimizing Water Use in Gardening Through an IoT-Based Autonomous Irrigation System. International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEEAS), 8(2). https://doi.org/10.54554/ijeeas.2025.8.02.011

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Electrical Engineering and Applied Sciences

Section

Articles

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