A Review of Automatic Generation Control for Multi-Region Interlinked Electricity System

Abstract

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is critically important for the frequency control and tie-line energy flow regulation of modern energetic and interlinked electricity systems. AGC is of fundamental importance because of the added sophistication of power networks arising from renewable energy sources integration and multiple control area interconnections. This paper presents a selected survey of standalone and hybrid control techniques executed between 2001 to 2025, all aimed at achieving AGC especially in multi-region interlinked systems. The selected control methods comprise of the combination of classical control methods: like Proportional-Integral (PI) and PID (PI-Derivative) controllers, soft computing or intelligent methods as well as those that are metaheuristic based: like FA (Firefly Algorithm), ANN (Artificial Neural Network), FL (Fuzzy Logic), PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) GA (Genetic Algorithm), and other associated approaches. Furthermore, this paper provides up to date information on the primary issues and advancements that require attention for the reliable and intelligent AGC implementation and will be relevant to enthusiasts and stakeholders in this area.